Ngā putanga katoa · Academia Edition

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He aha i kore ai e ranea te whakahaere AI e hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa here — te huarahi kē ā-hanganga

Te raru o te whakakapi huna

Whakaarohia tētahi āhuatanga e whakaatu ana i tētahi momo hapa whakahaere e rerekē ana i te hapa ā-tūturu.

Ka tono tētahi kairangahau ki tētahi pūnaha AI kia whakarāpopoto i ngā mātāpono whakahaere o tētahi rōpū hapori, ā, ka whakamārama ia me whakaata te whakarāpopototanga i te wairua hapori o te rōpū — te whakatau tahi, te haepapa ā-tāngata, te mana ā-rohe. Ka whakaputa te pūnaha i tētahi whakarāpopototanga kua hangaia pai. He mārama, he hono, ā, ka pānuitia hei mana. Ka whakahou hoki ia i ngā mātāpono ā-hapori ki ngā kupu takitahi: ka huri te "whakatau tahi" hei "uīui i ngā kaiwhai pānga", te "haepapa ā-takitahi" hei "whai wāhi o ngā mema", me te "whakawāhanga mana" hei "mana whakawhiwhia".

Ehara i te mea tūturu noa te whakakapi. E whakaata ana i te mana nui o ngā kupu whakahaere ā-pakihi i roto i ngā raraunga whakangungu o te tauira. Kāore te tauira i whakahē i te tohutohu. Kāore ia i tohu i tētahi raruraru. Kua whakakapia e ia, i te puku, tētahi anga uara ki tētahi atu — tētahi e tino pea ake ana i runga i ngā tatauranga, i runga i tōna tohatoha whakangungu.

Ko tēnei pea te mea e kīia ana ko te rereke ā-wāhanga o ngā uara: ka rereke haere ngā putanga a te AI i te anga uara i whakaarohia, ehara i te mea he hapa te pūnaha, engari nā te mea kāore i hāngai te tohatoha whakangungu me te tohatoha whāinga. (Kua tautuhia tēnei kupu, me ērā atu i whakamahia puta noa i te raupapa, i te rārangi kupu.) He matatini te rere — he tata rawa ngā kupu kia kore ai e kitea i te tirohanga tuatahi — ā, he puku — kāore he tohu e tukuna e te pūnaha e whakaatu ana kua whakakapia.

He rerekē te āhua o tēnei huarahi hē ki ngā hapa pono. Ka taea te kitea ngā hapa pono mā te whakamana i ngā tuhinga taketake. Ka mahi te rereke o te taumata uara i te taumata o te anga, te whakakaha, me ngā whakapae huna — he āhuatanga uaua ki te hopu i roto i tētahi ture whakamana, ā, he uaua hoki mō te kaipānui kāore he mātanga ki te kite.

Ngā Herenga o te Whakahaere e Hāngai ana ki ngā Kaupapa Here

Ko te huarahi matua mō te whakahaere AI i roto i ngā horopaki whakahaere he mea hāngai ki ngā kaupapa here: kaupapa here mō te whakamahinga e whakaaetia ana, aratohu matatika, anga AI haepapa, me ngā tikanga ratonga. He here hanganga ā ēnei taputapu e tino mōhiotia ana i roto i te ariā whakahaere, engari kāore i tino mōhiotia i roto i ngā mahi whakahaere AI.

Ka whakawhirinaki te whakahaere kaupapa here ki te whai a te rōpū e whakahaerehia ana i ngā kaupapa here. Mō ngā tāngata, he here tēnei tauira, engari he whai hua āhua — ka taea e te tangata te pānui, te whakamārama, me te whiriwhiri ki te whai i ngā kaupapa here, ā, ko ngā hua ā-pāpori, ā-ture rānei o te kore whai i aua kaupapa here ka whakarato i ngā tikanga whakatinana.

Mō ngā pūnaha AI, kāore rawa tēnei tauira e hāngai. Kāore te LLM e pānui, e whakamārama rānei i tētahi tuhinga kaupapa here pēnei i te kaimahi tangata. Ka whakahau te whakahau pūnaha i te tauira kia "whakaute i ngā uara hapori" rānei kia "tiaki i te āhua hapori," ka tukatuka te tauira i ēnei whakahau hei horopaki tāpiri e awe ana — engari kāore e whakatau — i tōna tohatoha putanga. I raro i ngā āhuatanga e taupatupatu ana te whakahau ki ngā tauira kaha o te tohatoha whakangungu taketake, ka rangatira ake te tohatoha whakangungu.

Ka whakatika ā-wāhanga tēnei mā te whakarerekē i te tohatoha o te tauira kia tautoko i ngā putanga e hiahiatia ana. Heoi, ka mahi te whakangāwari ā-taumata ki runga i te tohatoha taketake, kāore e whakakapi i taua mea. E tuhi ana ngā tuhinga hangarau i ngā momo hapa maha:

• Te wareware ohorere: ka heke haere ngā whanonga i whakangāwarihia ā-taumata i te wā, i raro rānei i ngā āhuatanga urunga hou.
• Panoni tohatoha: ka puta ngā urunga e wehe ana i te tohatoha whakangāwari, ā, ka huri anō ki ngā whanonga o te tauira taketake.
• Whakauru whakahau: ka taea e ngā urunga whakahē te whakakore i ngā here whakangāwari, he raru kāore anō kia kitea he rongoā pakari.

Ehara i te mea kāore he uara te huarahi e hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa here. Ka whakatū i ngā tikanga, ka whakamōhio i ngā tūmanako, ā, ka whakarato i tētahi tohu hei aratohu mō te haepapa. Engari, kāore e ranea hei anake pūnaha whakahaere mō ngā pūnaha kāore e mārama ana, kāore rānei e ū ana ki ngā kaupapa here e tūmanakohia ana kia whai rātou, ahakoa he aha te tikanga.

Ngā Pūtake Arorau: Wittgenstein, Berlin, me te Whakahaere Pokapū-maha

Ka whai te anga Tractatus i ngā tikanga mātauranga e toru, ahakoa he rerekē, ka whakakotahi ki tētahi māramatanga kotahi: kāore ētahi raruraru whakahaere e taea te whakaiti ki ngā ture.

Wittgenstein me ngā here o te whakaraupapa. He tino hāngai ngā mahi a Ludwig Wittgenstein mō ngā rohe o te reo me te whakaraupapa. Ko tāna kitenga — ka taea te whakapuaki tika i ētahi kōrero, engari kei tua atu ētahi i te whakapuakitanga tika — e hāngai ana ki tētahi wehewehenga whaihua i roto i te whakahaere AI. Ka taea te whakakāhua i ētahi whakataunga ā-hapori: he whakautu mārama kei ngā pūrongo mō te pātai "E hia te wā o te hui e whai ake nei?". Engari kāore ētahi: kei roto i te pātai "Me pēhea tā tātou whakatata ki tētahi take matatini ki tētahi mema kua roa e noho ana?" he whakataunga horopaki, he mātauranga hononga, me ngā whakawhitinga uara e kore e taea te whakahaere ā-ture.

Ka whakatinanahia e te anga Tractatus tēnei wehewehenga hei tikanga whakatinana rohe: ka whakahaerehia e te AI ngā pātai e tau ana ki roto i te rohe ka taea te whakakotahitanga; ka tukuna ki ngā kaiwhakatau tangata ngā pātai e whakawhiti ana ki te rohe kāore e taea te whakakotahitanga. Ka whakatinanahia te rohe mā te hanganga, ehara i te mā te kaupapa here.

Berlin me te maha o ngā uara. Ko te kōrero a Isaiah Berlin e mea ana he maha tonu ngā uara ā te tangata — arā, kāore ētahi painga e taea te whakakotahi, ā, kāore e taea te whakapai ake i a rātou i te wā kotahi — ā, he pānga tēnei ki ngā pūnaha AI e rapu ana ki te whakaputa i ngā whakautu "tino pai". I roto i te horopaki hapori, kāore he whakatau tino pai mō ngā taumahatanga i waenga i te tūmataitinga takitahi me te mārama ā-rōpū, i waenga i te tikanga tuku iho me te urutau, i waenga i te whai hua me te whai wāhi. Me whai tonu i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero e ngā tāngata e kawe ana i ngā hua.

Ehara i te whakahaere tētahi pūnaha AI e whakatau ana i ēnei taumahatanga mā te hoki noa ki tōna tohatoha whakangungu — kei te whakahau ia i tētahi whakatau motuhake kāore he mana. Ka whakatika tēnei e te anga Tractatus mā te tautuhi i ngā wā whakatau e mau ana i ngā uara, ā, ka tono kia tangata te whakatau, kaua ko te AI.

Ostrom me te whakahaere pokapū maha. Ko ngā mahi a Elinor Ostrom mō te whakahaere rawa tahua-tahi e whakarato ana i tētahi anga hei mārama ai me pēhea e taea ai e ngā hapori iti te whakahaere i ngā rawa tahua-tahi kia whai hua, me te kore mana pokapū. He maha o ngā mātāpono hoahoa a Ostrom — ngā rohe kua tautuhia mārama, ngā whakaritenga kōwhiringa ā-rōpū, te aroturuki, ngā whiu ā-taumata, ngā tikanga whakatau tautohetohe — e tika ana hei whakamahi mō te whakahaere AI i te taumata hapori.

Ka whakaae mārika te anga Tractatus ki tētahi tauira pokapū-maha: kua tohaina te mana whakahaere ki ngā pūnaha motuhake maha (ko Guardian Agents i whakamārama i te tuhinga o mua), kāore he mana kotahi-taha o tētahi, ā, ka aroturuki ia pūnaha i ērā atu. He rite tēnei ki te kitenga a Ostrom, arā, me whai maha ngā tikanga whakatinana e hipokina ana, kāore i te kotahi te mana pokapū, hei whakahaere whaihua i ngā rawa tūmatanui.

Te Anga Tractatus: Whakahaere Hanganga

Ka tūtohu te anga Tractatus i ngā tikanga whakahaere hanganga e whā e mahi motuhake ana i waho atu i te pūnaha AI e whakahaerehia ana e rātou:

Te whakatinanatanga o ngā rohe. He paparanga whakarōpūtanga e aromatawai ana i ngā pātai e uru mai ana, ā, e tautuhi ana i ēnei e pā ana ki ngā whakataunga uara, ngā whakawhitinga ā-tikanga, me te āwangawanga horopaki i tua atu i te rohe ka taea te whakamātau ā-ture. Kāore ēnei pātai e whakautua e te AI — ka tukuna rātou ki ngā kaiwhakatau tangata kua tohua i roto i te hapori. Ka tautuhia te rohe e ngā whakaritenga motuhake a te hapori, ehara i te aromatawai a te tauira AI i tōna ake pūkenga. I roto i tētahi whakaurunga ā-agent, ka whakahaere taua pūnaha i ngā mahi, ehara i ngā whakautu anake: ka tukuna he mahi ka puta he hua whai pānga, kāore rānei e taea te huri, ki te tangata kia whakaaetia, kaua e mahia aunoa. Koinei te whakatinanatanga hanganga o te whakaritenga tangata-i-roto-i-te-porowhita, ā, e aro tika ana ki te nekehanga o te tūraru i te ao-agent, mai i te whakamāramatanga o ngā hua ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi, i tautuhia i roto i te Tuhinga 1.

Te mau tonu o ngā tohutohu. Ka penapenahia ngā tohutohu kua tautuhia e te hapori — "whakamahia tonu tēnei kupu," "kaua rawa e waihanga ihirangi mō tēnei kaupapa," "tukuna ngā pātai mō tēnei kaupapa ki te kaiwhakahaere" — ki tētahi pūnaha motuhake kāore e taea e te tauira AI te uru, te whakarerekē rānei. Ka tirotirohia ngā putanga a te tauira ki ēnei tohutohu kua penapenahia i muri i te waihanga. Ka whakatau i ngā taupatupatu kia tautoko i ngā tohutohu kua penapenahia, ahakoa te tohatoha putanga a te tauira.

Whakamana whakataurite. Ko te paparanga whakamana Guardian Agent i whakamārama i te tuhinga o mua — te whakapūtake aronga, te wehenga o ngā kerēme, te aroturuki rereke, me te urupare urutau. He motuhake ēnei tikanga i te hanganga o te tauira AI, ā, ka whakamahi i ngā tikanga rorohiko rerekē (te ōritetanga whakaurunga, ehara i te matapae whakaputa) hei aromātai i ngā putanga. Ko tēnei motuhake tonu te mea e whakakaha ana i te paparanga kia pakari ki te kore pono o te mekameka whakaaro (Tuhinga 1): ka aromatawai ia i te putanga ki ngā rekoata, kaua e whakawhirinaki ki te whakamārama a te tauira mō āna ake whakaaro — he whakamārama ā-roto e kitea ana e ngā tuhinga he tohu tirohanga kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki.

Te aroturuki i te pēhanga horopaki. He paparanga whakahaere-ā-whānui e aroturuki ana i ngā tikanga whakahaere e mahi ana te AI — te matatini o ngā pātai, te hou o ngā pātai ki ngā tohatoha whakangungu, te kawenga o te pūnaha — ā, ka whakarerekē i te kaha o te whakamana kia hāngai ai. I raro i ngā āhuatanga pēhanga teitei (ngā pātai hou, ngā take taha, ngā tono matatini-wāhanga), ka whakakaha ake ngā pae whakamana. Ka whakatika tēnei i te kitenga e tino tūpono ana ka hē ngā pūnaha AI i raro i ngā āhuatanga e tino whai pānga ana ā rātou hua.

Ngā Mea Kāore e Whakapaetia e te Anga

He mea nui kia kī mārika i ngā mea kāore e whakapaetia e te anga Tractatus, nā te mea ko te wero kia whakakī kē i te whai wāhi he huarahi hē kua mōhiotia i roto i ngā rangahau whakahaere.

Kāore e whakapae ka whakatau i te raru taurite. Ka whakahaere te anga i ngā putanga AI i muri i te waihanga. Kāore e aro ki te pātai hōhonu mēnā ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā whakaaturanga ā-roto o tētahi pūnaha AI ki ngā uara a te tangata. E mahi ana te anga i runga i te whakaaro kāore e taea te whakakotahitanga mā ngā hangarau o nāianei, ā, nā reira me whai whakahaere ā-waho — engari tērā pea he hē tēnei whakaaro, ā, mēnā ka puta he whakatutukitanga nui i roto i ngā rangahau whakakotahitanga, tērā pea kāore e hāngai ana te huarahi a te anga.

Ehara i te mea e mea ana ka whakakore i te hē tohatoha. Ka whakaiti te anga i ngā pānga o te hē tohatoha mā te whakamana me te whakatinana i ngā rohe. Ehara i te mea ka whakakore i te hē i te tauira. I raro i ngā āhuatanga ka hinga ai ngā paparanga whakamana (ngā rohe hou, ngā rekoata hapori iti, ngā tāurunga whakahē), ka hoki mai anō te hē tohatoha.

Ehara i te mea e kī ana ka whai hua whānui. I hoahoatia te anga mō te whakamahinga ā-hapori — ngā whakahaere e tekau ki te rau ngā mema, he urunga whakamana, me ngā kaiwhakahaere e taea te tautuhi. Kāore anō kia whakamātauria mēnā ka taea te whakawhānui ki ngā whakahaere nui ake, ki ngā horopaki urunga kore ingoa, ki ngā hapori kāore he hanganga whakahaere pumau rānei.

Ehara i te mea e whakapae ana he whakamana ā-taiao i te taumata whānui. Kua whakatinanahia, kua whakahaere hoki te anga, engari he iti te papa whakaurunga. Ko ngā whakapae mō te whai hua e hāngai ana ki te tātaritanga hanganga me ngā raraunga whakahaere iti, ehara i te mea i ngā rangahau whakahaere, i ngā rangahau roa rānei. E whakaaro ana ngā kaituhi he here nui tēnei.

Ehara i te mea e whakapae ana ka aro ki ngā tūraru oranga o te AI. Ka whakahaere te anga i ngā pūnaha AI o te reanga o nāianei i roto i ngā horopaki whakaurunga motuhake. Kāore ia e aro ki ngā tūraru whakapae e pā ana ki te mātauranga whānui hangarua, te mātauranga nui rānei, e hiahiatia ana he huarahi whakahaere tino rerekē.

Ngā Pātai Rangahau Tuwhera

Ka arahi te anga Tractatus i ētahi pātai e whakaarohia ana e ngā kaituhi he tuwhera, he tika kia rangahautia:

1. Te whakarite rohe. Me pēhea te tautuhi i te rohe i waenga i ngā pātai ka taea te whakaraupapa ā-ture me ngā pātai kāore e taea te whakaraupapa ā-ture? I te whakatinanatanga o nāianei, ka whakamahia ngā tautuhinga motuhake mō ia hapori, engari kāore ngā paearu mō te tuhi i te rohe i whakaraupapa ā-ture. He mea taea rānei tētahi tikanga whānui hei tautuhi i te rohe?

2. Te tika o te whakamana. I raro i ngā āhuatanga aha ka hē ngā tikanga whakamana a Guardian Agent? He aha te reiti hē-kore mō te kitenga o te rereke o te taumata uara? Ka taea e ngā tāuru whakahē te karo i ngā paparanga whakamana i runga i te pūnaha?

3. Ngā āhuatanga o te hurihanga urupare. Ka whakakotahi te pūnaha urupare urutau ki ngā manakohanga o te hapori i te roanga o te wā, rānei ka whakauru ia i ngā hē ā-tukatuka? I raro i ngā āhuatanga aha ka heke te kounga o te tohu urupare?

4. Te whānuitanga ki ngā hapori kē. Ka whakaputa te hanganga i ngā hua whakahaere ōrite puta noa i ngā momo hapori rerekē (wairua, taiao, tauhokohoko, mātauranga)? He aha ngā āhuatanga hapori e matapae ana i te angitu, i te hinga rānei?

5. Ngā rohe whakawhānuitanga. I te rahi hapori hia ka pakaru te tauira whakahaere pokapū maha? He taumata kei reira ka whai hua ake ai te whakahaere pokapū kotahi?

6. Te pumau ā-roa. Ka heke haere ngā āhuatanga whakahaere i te wā e whanake ana te kohinga ihirangi o te hapori, ā, ka whakahoungia te tauira? He rite āhuatanga o te rere tauira kei roto i te whakahaere?

Ehara ēnei pātai i te pātai whakapae. E tautuhi ana ēnei i tētahi mahere rangahau e whakaaro ana ngā kaituhi he mea tika hei aromātai i te koha a te anga. Ko te uara o tēnei anga hei koha rangahau e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hiahia kia whakamātauhia mā te rangahau ā-tinana, ā, e akiaki ana ngā kaituhi i taua whakamātautau.

*Mō te hanganga whakahaere katoa, tirohia Village AI on Agentic Governance; kei te wātea te waehere puna o te anga Tractatus hei puna tuwhera i agenticgovernance.digital. Ko te mātāpono whakatinana rohe e matapakihia ana i konei — arā, te whakatau i ngā mahi ka whakaaetia, kāore rānei e whakaaetia kia mahia e tētahi pūnaha e mahi ana — ka whakaakona ki ngā kaiwhakahaere i roto i Agents at Work, ā, ko Working with Claude e kapi ana i te aromatawai i ngā hua tauira.