Ngā putanga katoa · Academia Edition

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He aha te AI, he aha kāore ia, me ngā mea e noho pōraruraru tonu ana

Matapae Tatauranga i te Nui

Ko te pūnaha matua o ngā tauira reo nui o nāianei (LLMs) ko te matapae tohu e whai ake nei. Mēnā ka whakawhiwhia ki tētahi raupapa tohu, ka whakaputa te tauira i tētahi tohatoha tūponotanga mō ngā haere tonu pea, ā, ka ārahi ēnei i ngā tauira i tangohia mai i tētahi kohinga akoranga nui rawa atu — he piriona ngā tuhinga i te nuinga o te wā, e hipoki ana i ngā rāngai maha, ngā reo, me ngā momo tuhi.

Ka whakaputa tēnei tikanga i ngā hua he whaihua i ngā wā maha: tuhinga e hono ana, whakarāpopototanga whai pūkenga, whakautu e whakapono ana ki ngā pātai mō ngā kōrero pono, me te waehere e mahi ana. Kāore te whaihua ā-mahi e taupatupatua ana.

Ko te mea e taupatupatua ana — ā, ko te mea e hira ana mō te whakahaere — ko te āhua o te tukanga e whakaputa ana i ēnei hua, ā, nā reira, he aha te nui o te whakawhirinaki ka taea te whakanoho ki a rātou.

Mai i ngā Tauira ki ngā Āpiha: Te Pūkenga ki te Hua

Nā tētahi whanaketanga i waenga i te tau 2024 me te 2026 i whakawhiti te tūemi whakahaere mai i te tauira ki te āpiha. He mea hira tēnei wehewehenga mō te tātaritanga. Ko te tauira (rānei te pūmotu) ko te kaiwhakapae tohu e whai ake nei i whakamārama i runga ake nei. Ko te agent he tauira kua whakaurua ki roto i ngā anga tautoko — he mahara mau tonu, he uru ki ngā taputapu me te API, he pūtirotiro paetukutuku, he atanga rorohiko rānei — ā, e anga ana ki tētahi whāinga i whakapuakiia i roto i te reo ā-tangata, ā, ka whai ia i taua whāinga puta noa i ngā hikoinga maha me te iti ake o te tirotiro a te tangata. (Ko ēnei kupu, me ērā atu i whakamahia puta noa i te raupapa, kua tautuhia i te rārangi kupu.) Ko te Tohu Kaiārahi AI 2025 e whakaahua ana i tēnei hei wehenga o te āheinga (ngā tauira pae-mua) i te hanga hua (te anga tautoko kaiārahi e karapoti ana i a rātou): He nui o te panoni nui e kitea ana i ngā mea ka taea e te AI te tū (i te wehe i ngā mea ka taea e ia te kōrero), nā te anga whakakakahu, ehara i te hanganga tauira hou.

Ka whakarerekē tēnei panoni i te tūemi whakahaere i tua atu i te aronga tauine. Ka pā kino ngā putanga a tētahi chatbot anake ina mahi tētahi tangata i runga i aua putanga; ka taea e tētahi māngai te mahi tika ki te ao, ā, he iti ake ngā wāhi hei urutau. Kua tīmata ngā tuhinga ki te whakarite ā-ture i ngā raruraru kawenga e hua ana — te āputa kawenga (Matthias, 2004), i roto i tēnei kāore e tika ana kia mauheretia ngā kaiwhakahaere mō te whanonga o ngā pūnaha kāore rātou i whakatau i ā rātou mahi, me te rohe pūrua matatika (Elish, 2019), i reira ka tau te kawenga ki te tangata tata rawa ahakoa he iti tōna mana whakahaere. Ko te International AI Safety Report 2026 e tohu ana anō, nā te mea ka mahi motuhake ngā kaiwhakahaere, ka piki ake ngā tūraru mō te whakawhirinaki; ā, ka taea e ngā hapa i roto i ngā whirihoranga kaiwhakahaere maha te horapa, te whakapakari hoki. Mō ngā rangahau whakahaere, ko te take matua, mā te mana motuhake e whakawhiti te pūtake o te tūraru i te whakamāramatanga o ngā hua ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi — he whakawhitinga kāore e tino pai ana te whakahaere kaupapa here, e aro ana ki te arotake hua, ki te whakatika.

Te Pātai Whakaaro: He Raruraru Rangahau Tūturu Tuwhera

Ko ngā whakamārama tuatahi mō ngā LLM hei "paroti tūponotanga" — arā, he pūnaha e whakaputa anō ana i ngā tauwhitinga tatauranga me te kore e mārama ki te tikanga — i whakaatu i tētahi mea nui mō ngā tūāpapa o te hangarau. Heoi, i te pikinga ake o te rahi o ngā tauira, kua puta ētahi whanonga e kore e taea te whakamārama māmā.

Ka whakaatu ngā tauira nui i te āheinga mō te whakapae arorau maha-hipanga, te whakaaro whakatairite puta noa i ngā rāngai, me te mahi i runga i ngā raruraru hou e rerekē ana tō rātou hanganga ki ngā tauira whakangungu. E kī ana ētahi kairangahau he āheinga e puta ake ana ēnei — he āhuatanga ka puta i te rahi nui, kāore i hangaia āta. E ai ki ētahi atu, he momo matatau tēnei o te whakakī i ngā tauira, ā, he āhua rite noa ki te whakaaro i te kitenga a ngā tāngata e hiahiatia ana kia whakapono he mārama kei reira.

I tēnei wā, kāore ngā taunakitanga whakamātautau e ranea ana hei whakatau i tēnei pātai. He maha ngā kitenga e whakararuraru ana i tētahi tūnga māia:

• Ka whakatau ngā tauira i ngā raru e hiahiatia ana te whānuitanga hanganga, ā, e tohu ana he mea atu i te tiki noa i ngā raraunga.
• Ka whakaatu hoki ngā tauira i ngā ngoikoretanga — pērā i te waihanga māia i ngā kōrero hē, te ngoikore i raro i ngā whakarerekētanga whakatumatuma, te pā ki ngā āhuatanga mata o ngā whakahau — kāore ēnei e hāngai ana ki te whakaaro pakari.
• Kāore i tino mārama ngā whakaaturanga ā-roto o ngā tauira nui. Kua tautuhia e ngā rangahau whakamārama pūnaha ngā hanganga pērā i ngā porowhita e hāngai ana ki ngā pūkenga motuhake, engari kei te tīmatanga tonu te ao nei.
• Kei te wātea tonu te pātai mēnā he whai tikanga ā-taiao te wehewehe i waenga i te "whakaaro tūturu" me te "whanonga pērā i te whakaaro", mēnā rānei ka huri hei ū ki ngā ariā whakaaro.

I puta he uauatanga anō me te whakatipuranga o ngā tauira "whakaaro" rānei "tāroaroa" o te tau 2025–2026, nā rātou i whakawhānui ki waho he mekameka whakaaro waenga, ā, i tohatoha he tāpiritanga rorohiko wā-whakatau ki ngā raruraru uaua ake; i roto i ngā taiao hanganga, i eke ēnei pūnaha ki te taumata mahi ōrite ki te tohu koura i te Whakataetae Pāngarau ā-Ao o te tau 2025. Kei te ora tonu te wero whakamāramatanga, ā, kāore anō kia whakatauhia. I pūrongo a Apple i The Illusion of Thinking (2025) kua hinga te tika āhuatanga i runga i ngā raruraru ka taea te whakawhānui, ā, i puta ētahi whakahē (hei tauira, Lawsen et al.; Dellibarda Varela et al., 2025) i whakapae i tētahi wāhanga o te pānga ki ngā hua o te aromatawai, ā, i tautuhia ēnei pūnaha hei "ehara i te kaiwhakaaro pono, ehara hoki i te kākā tūponotanga." He mea nui ake mō te whakahaere ko te tipu haere o ngā rangahau mō te koretika o te mekameka whakaaro (Anthropic, 2025, me ngā rangahau o muri mai o te tau 2026): Ehara i te mea e whakaata ana te whakaaro ā-waho i ngā take i whakatau i ngā putanga o te tauira, ā, nā konei ka whakangāwari i ngā tikanga aroturuki e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tirotiro i ngā whakaaro kua whakapuakina e te tauira. Ko te rārangi whakaaro i whakaatuhia he tuhinga i hangaia noa iho, ehara i te pūrere e pānui ana i tētahi tukanga ā-roto.

Mō ngā kaupapa whakahaere, ko te tikanga whaihua nei: kāore e taea te whakaponohia kia tika te whakaaro a tētahi LLM, ā, kāore hoki e taea te whakakore i āna putanga hei mea kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki. Kei waenganui te pūnaha i tētahi tūranga āwangawanga, ā, he whaihua ngā putanga i te nuinga o te wā, he hē i ētahi wā, ā, kāore e taea te wehewehenga pono i a rātou kia kore he whakamana ā-waho.

Te Auahatanga me te Whakakotahitanga

He pātai e pā ana ki te mea mēnā ka taea e ngā LLM te whakaputa i ngā hua tūturu hou. Ko te kī kaha — arā, ko te mea ka whakaputa noa ngā tauira i ngā whakakotahitanga anō o ngā raraunga whakangungu — he tika i tētahi horopaki whaiti, engari he tino whakapohehe i te whānui.

Whakaarohia tētahi tauira kua ngote i ngā tuhinga mō te ariā whakahaere pokapū maha, te whanonga whakahaere, me te rorohiko hapori hei rāngai mahi motuhake. Ki te whakahau tika i a ia, ka taea e ia te whakakotahi i ngā hononga puta noa i ēnei rāngai kāore anō kia mahia e tētahi kairangahau takitahi, nā te mea kāore tētahi kairangahau takitahi i whai i taua whānuitanga o ngā wheako. Ehara i te mea hou ngā ariā takitahi. Heoi, tērā pea he mea hou te whakakotahitanga ki tētahi kaipānui — ā, tērā pea ka tautuhi i ngā taurite hanganga tūturu e tika ana kia rangahauhia.

Ehara tēnei i te rite ki te āhuatanga hou o te rangahau tuatahi. Kāore te tauira e whai wāhi ki ngā raraunga whakamātautau kāore ia i whakangungua ai, kāore he āheinga hoahoa whakamātautau, ā, kāore he āheinga ki te aromātai mēnā e tū pakari ana ōna hononga whakakotahitanga i raro i te arotakenga. He kaihanga ariā te whakakotahitanga, ehara i te kaiwhakau i ngā ariā. Engari he whai tikanga te whakaputa ariā, mēnā kāore e whakakotahitia ki te whakau i ngā ariā.

Mō ngā kairangahau e arotake ana i ngā pūnaha AI, ko te tikanga ka whai hua pea ngā putanga a ngā LLM hei tīmatanga mō te arotake tuhinga, te torotoro whakawhānui i ngā rāngai, me te tautuhi i ngā ōrite hanganga — engari me whakamātau āta pērā i tētahi puna kōrero kāore i whakamana.

Ngā Raraunga Whakangungu hei Tirohanga-ao

Ka whiwhi ia LLM i te tohatoha tauanga o tōna koropore whakangungu. Ehara tēnei i te hē ka taea te whakatika — he āhuatanga hanganga tēnei o te hangarau.

Ka whakaputa he tauira i whakangungua nuitia ki ngā ihirangi ipurangi o te Hauāuru, e aro ana ki ngā take tauhokohoko, ā, i roto i te reo Ingarihi, i ngā hua e whakaata ana i ngā whakapae, te anga, me ngā kaupapa matua o taua koropore. Ka tonoa kia kōrero mō ngā kaupapa kāore i nui ngā raraunga whakangungu mō reira — pērā i ngā tikanga whakahaere ā-iwi taketake, te reo karakia, te ahurea ā-waha, me te whakatau ā-hapori iti — ka huri te tauira ki ngā tauira tino rongonui ā-tauanga, kāore e whakaae ana ki te āputa.

He pānga tūturu tēnei ki ngā whakamahinga katoa i roto i tētahi horopaki hapori motuhake. Ka tonoa te tauira kia waihanga ihirangi mō tētahi rōpū rangahau e ako ana i te whakahaere hapori, ā, ka huri aunoa ki te reo whakahaere ā-pakihi — ehara i te mea nā te mea kua aromātaihia e ia ērā atu kōwhiringa, engari nā te mea e rangatira ana te reo whakahaere ā-pakihi i roto i āna raraunga whakangungu. He whakakapi huna tēnei: kāore te tauira e tohu ana kei te whakahaere ia i waho atu i tōna rohe pūkenga.

Ko tēnei āhuatanga — ka taea te kī ko te distributional drift i roto i te horopaki whakahaere — kua tuhia whānuitia, engari kāore i tino whakatau. Ka taea e ngā tikanga pērā i te whakatikatika āta (fine-tuning), te whakaputa kōrero whakakaha mā te tiki kōrero (retrieval-augmented generation, RAG), me te whakahau pūnaha (system prompting) te whakaiti i te pānga, engari kāore e whakakore i te raru. Ka mau tonu te hē toenga o te tauira taketake, otirā i raro i ngā pātai hou, matatini rānei, i reira he ngoikore ake te tohu whakatikatika i te tohatoha taketake.

Ngā Hua mō te Rangahau Whakahaere

Ko ngā āhuatanga i whakamārama ake nei — arā, ngā putanga whai hua engari kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki, te hē tohatoha huna, me te āheinga whakaaro kāore i te mōhiotia — ka tautuhi ngātahi i te wero whakahaere.

He raru whakarite kounga tētahi pūnaha AI e hē ana i ētahi wā. He raru whakahaere tētahi pūnaha AI e hē ana i ētahi wā mā te whakakapi huna i tētahi anga uara ki tētahi atu. He mea nui tēnei wehewehenga, nā te mea ka taea te whakatika i te tuatahi mā te tirotiro hapa, engari mō te tuarua me whai tikanga hanganga e kitea ai te rereke o te taumata uara, ehara i te hapa kōrero noa iho.

Nā te huringa ki te mahi ā-tangata ka piki ake te hiranga o tēnei wehewehenga. Ina pā te rereke o ngā uara ki tētahi mahi i whakahaere aunoa, ehara i te hua ka taea te arotake, ā, ka whāiti, ka kati rānei te matapihi mō te whakatikatika a te tangata; ā, e tohu ana ngā kitenga mō te kore pono o te mekameka whakaaro, kāore e taea te whakaarohia hei tohu pono mō te tirotiro i ngā hapa, te kōrero a te pūnaha anō mō te take i mahi ai ia. Nā reira, kāore e tū pakari ana te whakahaere e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pūrongo a te pūnaha anō. Me noho ki waho o te pūnaha te whakamana, ā, me whakahaere ki runga i āna mahi, ehara i te mea ki runga i āna whakamārama anake.

Koinei te raru i hangaia ai te anga Tractatus hei whakatau. He pātai aromātai tūturu tēnei mēnā ka angitu, ā, ka tirotirohia i ngā tuhinga e whai ake nei. Ko tā te mea ka taea te kī i konei, he tūturu te raru, kua tino tautuhia, ā, kāore i tino whakatutukihia e ngā huarahi e hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa here e rangatira ana i ngā kōrero whakahaere AI i tēnei wā.

Ngā Mea Kāore i Te Whakapae a Tēnei Tuhinga

Kāore tēnei tuhinga e kī ana kāore e taea e ngā LLM te whakaaroaro — kāore he taunakitanga e ranea ana mō taua whakatau. Ehara i te mea e mea ana ka taea e ngā LLM te whakaaroaro — kāore he taunakitanga e hāngai ana mō taua whakatau. Kāore hoki e mea ana kāore e taea te whakatau i te hē tohatoha — engari he wāhanga noa ngā tikanga whakaiti o nāianei. Ā, kāore hoki e mea ana kāore e taea te whakahaere i te AI — engari he nui ake te hanganga o te wero whakahaere i te mea e mōhiotia ana whānuitia.

Ka arotake te tuhinga e whai ake nei i ngā rerekētanga hanganga motuhake i waenga i ngā tūāpapa AI ā-pakihi me ngā pūnaha AI e whakahaerehia ana e te hapori, ā, ka tātari i ngā whakawhitiwhiti whai pānga.

*Mō te hanganga hangarau katoa, tirohia Village AI — Agentic Governance. Tērā pea ka whai hua ngā akoranga hoa mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e mahi ana ki ēnei pūnaha: Working with Claude, mō te tiki me te aromātai i ngā putanga tauira, me Agents at Work, mō te whakahaere i ngā pūnaha e mahi ana.